The SHFQC+ Qubit Controller can control, read out and provide fast feedback on up to 6 superconducting qubits. It integrates the functionality of the SHFQA+ Quantum Analyzer, the SHFSG+ Signal Generator and more in a single instrument. With integrated microwave generation, a trigger distribution unit and the ultrafast feedback of 350 ns between all channels, simple microwave connections between the SHFQC+ and a cryostat are sufficient to start advanced qubit measurements. To provide flexibility for systems with a small number of qubits, the SHFQC+ comes in three possible configurations, in which either 2, 4, or 6 of the signal generator channels are enabled. For the 2- and 4-channel configurations, additional signal generator channels can be enabled in the field. As a result, the setup is fully software-controlled and can be reconfigured as needed to match the experimental requirements.
Controller di Qubit 8.5 GHz
Caratteristiche principali
- 2, 4, o 6 canali di controllo
- 1 canale di lettura per qubit, qutrit o ququad
- Funzionamento fino a 8.5 GHz con larghezza di banda di analisi di 1 GHz e senza calibrazione del mixer. Contattateci se frequenze >8.5 GHz sono richieste.
- Basso rumore di fase, bassi toni spuri, alta potenza di uscita per gate ad alta fidelity
- Catena di elaborazione del segnale in tempo reale con filtri abbinati e discriminazione multi-stato
- Feedback interno allo strumento di 350 ns
- Controllato attraverso LabOne®, il LabOne Q software, o le APIs di Python
Variants
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Documentazione
Each control channel of the SHFQC+ has its own powerful sequencer for creating phase- and timing-programmable waveforms, so that a single SHFQC+ can control or couple qubits with pulses from DC to 8.5 GHz, and react at any time on measurements from the readout channel. With the SHFQC-16W upgrade option, the readout channel's freely configurable integration weights and readout-pulse memories are doubled from 8 to 16. This provides more flexibility in configuring the readout, e.g. by enabling full real-time control and readout of 6 qutrits.
Advanced features such as a real-time oscilloscope, fast spectroscopy, and the pulse-level sequencing capability allow users to further speed up their system tune-up and measurements.
The SHFQC+ integrates into the Zurich Instruments Quantum Computing Control System (QCCS) and is intuitively operated through the LabOne Q Software. This enables a seamless combination with other instruments such as the HDAWG for fast flux or gate voltage signals up to 750 MHz. Within a larger QCCS, the SHFQC+ enables access to fast local and global feedback as well as to error correction protocols for 100 qubits and beyond.
Configurazione dei canali per il Controller di Qubit SHFQC
L'SHFQC viene fornito con tre possibili configurazioni: è possibile abilitare 2, 4 o 6 dei canali del generatore di segnale. I canali aggiuntivi possono essere abilitati sul campo. Per richiedere la modifica della configurazione del vostro SHFQC, contattateci all'indirizzo info@zhinst.com.
Configuration | Numero di canali del generatore di segnale abilitati | Numero di canali aggiuntivi che possono essere abilitati successivamente | Numero di canali dell'analizzatore quantistico |
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SHFQC2 | 2 | 2 or 4 | 1 |
SHFQC4 | 4 | 2 | 1 |
SHFQC6 | 6 | 0 | 1 |
Applicazioni di computazione quantistica
- Controllo coerente dei qubit attraverso gate singoli e multiqubit
- Lettura multipla in frequenza
- Lettura dispersiva 'single-shot'
- Spettroscopia veloce di qubit e risonatori, caratterizzazione del setup
- Feedback in tempo reale e a bassa latenza per operazioni a livello di sistema e protocolli di correzione degli errori
Tipi di qubit supportati
- Qubit superconduttori
- Qubit di spin/ibridi risonatori superconduttori
- Qubit, qutrit e ququad
Altre applicazioni
- Caratterizzazione del rumore dell'amplificatore
- Calibrazione del setup a microonde
High-fidelity qubit manipulation and readout
Operating over a range that extends up to 8.5 GHz, the double superheterodyne up- and down-conversion scheme of the SHFQC+ relies on filtering rather than on interference, so that it performs over a wider frequency band and with better linearity than standard IQ-mixer-based conversion approaches. This capability is combined with the performance of synthesizers specifically designed for high-fidelity qubit control and readout, offering low phase noise and low timing jitter across the whole output frequency range. As a result, the SHFQC+ generates spurious-free, stable signals within an instantaneous bandwidth of 1 GHz and without requiring its users to spend time on mixer calibration or system maintenance.
When reading out multiple qubits through resonators coupled to the same readout line, even small spurs can lead to a confusing or smaller readout signal if they are sub-optimally located. The superheterodyne scheme of the SHFQC+ affords more flexibility on the design of resonator frequencies for frequency-multiplexed qubit readout. Furthermore, the combination with a linear amplification chain allows users to drive all single- and multi-qubit gates within short time intervals and free of distortion. The integrated frequency conversion offered by the SHFQC+ ensures that qubit control and readout operations realize the full potential of a quantum processor in terms of fidelity.
Efficient workflow and resource handling
The Signal Generator and Quantum Analyzer channels of the SHFQC+ support minimal use of waveform data even when complex signals are required. Users provide the desired signals in the form of pulse descriptions to program the SHFQC+ in the most memory-efficient manner. Even for many-qubit systems that rely on multiple SHFQC+, this approach ensures that complex tune-up and calibration routines are completed within a minimum of instrument communication time. For example, the support of loops and conditional branching points enables the implementation of active reset in 350 ns as well as more complex quantum error-correction codes; real-time phase and frequency updates make it possible to implement virtual Z gates. With up to 98 kSa waveform memory per channel, the ability to handle up to 32k sequence instructions, and a sampling rate of 2 GSa/s, the SHFQC+ provides customizable multi-channel AWG signals for qubit control and readout.
The SHFQC+ performs pulsed measurements to determine the transmission amplitude and phase of the device under test. There are two methods to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR): pulse shaping and matched filtering. Pulse shaping with an arbitrary readout pulse generator minimizes the ring-up and ring-down time even for a device with a slow response.
The step response of the SHFQC+'s digital filters can be matched to the transient response of the device by programming a 4-kSa-long (2-us-long) weight function for each filter. Compared to a simple, unweighted integration, applying a properly matched filter significantly improves the SNR. In addition, the real-time analysis chain can discriminate up to 4 states per qubit.
Scalable system approach
By design, the SHFQC+ supports a processor consisting of up to 6 fixed-frequency qubits, qutrits or 5 ququads. To optimally support other qubit types, or for integration into a scalable quantum system, the SHFQC+ can be efficiently interfaced with other instruments too. For example, the low-latency 32-bit DIO VHDCI interface enables feed-forward of the multi-qubit state to a few HDAWGs for fast active qubit reset or real-time flux-pulse control.
For systems with larger qubit counts, several SHFQC+, SHFSG+, SHFQA+ and HDAWGs can be combined to form a scalable Quantum Computing Control System (QCCS). To this end, the Zurich Instruments ZSync interface links the SHFQC+ and all other instruments to each other through the central QHub Quantum System Hub. The LabOne Q software optimizes inter-instrument communication, thus simplifying protocol execution.
Up to 56 instruments can be synchronized through a QHub, leading to coordinated readout and control of up to 336 fixed-frequency qubits including ultrafast feedback using only the SHFQC+. All instruments that are synchronized through a QHub can be programmed with LabOne Q or the APIs for Python, so that users decide how they wish to incorporate them into new or existing setups.
Quantum system control software
As part of our QCCS, the SHFQC can be fully integrated into new or existing setups using LabOne Q. As a standalone unit, it can also be efficiently controlled with LabOne and its Python APIs. An extended example library facilitates intuitive integration into established measurement frameworks. Thanks to the data structuring and processing functionality offered by the LabOne Data Server, the user portion of the software stack remains simple and easy to maintain.
Generale
Numero di canali di controllo | Fino a 6 canali del generatore di segnali |
Numero di canali di lettura | 1 canale dell'analizzatore quantistico (1 input e 1 output) |
Dimensionsi | 449 x 460 x 145 mm (19" rack) 17.6 x 18.1 x 5.7 inch |
Peso | 15 kg (33 lb) |
Alimentazione | AC: 100-240 V, 50/60 Hz |
Connettori | SMA sul pannello anteriore e posteriore per trigger, segnali e clock esterno DIO a 32 bit 2 ZSync LAN/Ethernet, 1 Gbit/s USB 3.0 USB di manutenzione |
Uscite di segnale del generatore di segnali
Numero di uscite RF | 6, delle quali 2, 4, o 6 possono essere abilitate |
Gamma di frequenze | DC - 8.5 GHz |
Larghezza di banda del segnale | > 1 GHz |
Gamma di uscita (dBm) | da -30 dBm a 10 dBm |
Impendenza output | 50 Ohm |
Numero di sintetizzatori | 3 (coppie di canali condividono un sintetizzatore) |
Conversione D/A | 14-bit, 6 GSa/s (Dopo interpolazione 3x interna) |
Precisione del livello di uscita | ±(1 dBm) |
Generazione di forme d'onda
AWG cores | 1 per canale |
Risoluzione verticale della forma d'onda | 14-bit analog + 2-bit marker |
Memoria per forme d'onda | 98 kSa per channel |
Lunghezza della sequenza | 16k instructions per AWG core |
Frequenza di campionamento AWG | 2 GSa/s |
Lunghezza minima per la forma d'onda | 32 Sa |
Uscite di segnale dell'analizzatore quantistico
Numero di uscite RF | 1 |
Gamma di frequenza | 0.5 - 8.5 GHz |
Larghezza di banda del segnale | > 1 GHz |
Gamma di uscita (dBm) | da -30 dBm a 10 dBm |
Impendenza output | 50 Ohm |
Numero di sintetizzatori | 1 (shared with input channel) |
Conversione D/A | 14-bit, 6 GSa/s (after internal 3x interpolation) |
Precisione del livello di uscita | ±(1 dBm) |
Generatore di impulsi di lettura
Numero di generatori di impulsi di lettura | 1 |
Capacità di sequenziamento | Sequenza avanzata (loop, branching), tabella comandi, controllo avanzato dei trigger, lettura sfalsata |
Blocchi della memoria per le forme d'onda1 | 32 kSa di memoria totale in 8 blocchi oppure 64 kSa di memoria totale per canale in 16 blocchi (con SHFQC-16W option) |
Oscillatori | 1 (accessibile in modalità spettroscopia) |
Ingressi di segnale dell'analizzatore quantistico
Numero di ingressi RF | 1 |
Gamma di frequenza | 0.5 - 8.5 GHz |
Larghezza di banda del segnale | > 1 GHz |
Impedenza di uscita | 50 Ohm |
Numero di sintetizzatori | 1 (condiviso con il canale di uscita) |
Rumore della tensione d'ingresso | < 2.2 nV/√Hz (<-160 dBm / Hz) @ -50 dBm |
Gamme di ingresso (dBm) | da -50 dBm a 10 dBm (calib.) |
Conversione A/D | 14-bit, 4 GSa/s |
Unità di misura Qubit
Filtri abbinati | 32 kSa di memoria totale per canale in 8 blocchi1 oppure 64 kSa di memoria totale per canale in 16 blocchi1 (con SHFQC-16W option) |
Discriminazione multistato | Fino a 4 discriminatori |
Latenza di feedback | 350 ns (dall'ultimo campione in entrata al primo campione in uscita) |
Data logger | Memoria: 220 campioni, max. 217 medie |
Monitor scope | Memory: 219 campioni complessi quando si monitora 1 canale, 218 campioni quando si monitora 2 canali, 217 campioni quando si monitora da 3 a 4 canali medie: Massimo 216 medie |
Marcatori e trigger
Marker outputs | 1 per canale input/output, SMA sul pannello frontale |
Voltaggio marker output | 0 V (low), 3.3 V (high) |
Impedenza marker output | 50 Ohm |
Rise time marker output | 300 ps (20% to 80%) |
Trigger inputs | 8 (1 per canale input/output) SMA sul pannello frontale |
Impedenza trigger input | 50 Ohm / 1 kOhm |
1 Tutti i blocchi di memoria sono liberamente configurabili e attivabili. Un blocco corrisponde a 4096 campioni a valore complesso.
Generale
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Call us on +41 44 515 0410 or send us an email with your contact details and preferred time slot. We will be happy to schedule an online demo to discuss your requirements and see whether there is a match with the capabilities of the SHFQC+.
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All users receive support from Zurich Instruments independently of where the purchase took place. Local sales partners, where available, also provide first-level support in the local language. For extended support, instrument calibration or service, please check our Support page.
Funzionalità dello strumento
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The SHFQC+ is best suited for qubits and other systems that can be controlled with microwave signals at up to 8.5 GHz – for example, gate operations and multiplexed readout on superconducting circuits or hybrid superconducting/spin qubit systems.
The SHFQC+ is not suitable for readout schemes that are based on photon counting, given that it does not include counter functionality, or for readout schemes requiring operation below 0.5 GHz. -
No, the SHFQC+ always comes with 1 quantum analyzer (readout) channel and 6 signal generator (control) channels. Depending on the configuration chosen, 2, 4, or 6 of the signal generator channels can be enabled. Additional channels can be enabled in the field.
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The SHFQC+'s 6 signal generator (control) and 1 quantum analyzer (readout) lines enable control of up to 6 superconducting qubits. In combination with other instruments, such as the Zurich Instruments HDAWG or the SHFSG+, more qubits can be manipulated and read out.
Funzionalità del generatore di segnali
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The SHFQC+'s signal generator channels readily support modulation of the in-phase and quadrature components of the internal oscillator by a dual-channel waveform signal. Based on this functionality, AM, FM, PM and DSB can be performed. The SHFQC+ does not support modulation by an external source though.
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Sometimes yes. Each signal generator (control) channel of the SHFQC+ is a specialized signal generator that covers many of the capabilities of a system comprising HDAWG and HDIQ instruments. A single channel thus replaces 2 HDAWGs and 1 HDIQ channel while providing additional functionality and performance in the microwave regime. For operation close to DC - for example, with flux pulses - an HDAWG channel is often the better alternative because of its higher output power, pre-compensation functionality and larger waveform memory.
Funzionalità dell'analizzatore quantistico
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The SHFQC+ allows you to read out 8 qubits, 4 qutrits or 2 ququads in parallel; this can be extended up to 16 qubits, 8 qutrits or 5 ququads with the SHFQC-16W option.
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Yes, the readout channel of the SHFQC+ is a drop-in replacement of a UHFQA with added functionality.
Hardware
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No. All RF input and outputs of the SHFQC+ are designed to be directly connected to the corresponding control and readout lines of the cryostat. For a control channel this means that operation frequencies need to be within the bandwidth of DC - 8.5 GHz, for the readout channels between 0.5 GHz and 8.5 GHz. This is possible thanks to the superheterodyne frequency conversion scheme of the SHFQC+, designed to bring stability and simplicity to qubit setups.
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Most likely not. The SHFQC+ can supply up to 10 dBm of output power, which allows for very short (5 ns) gates with superconducting transmon qubits and is typically much more than what is needed for readout. At the lowest input range setting of the readout channel, -50 dBm are mapped to the full dynamic range of the ADC with minimal added noise: this means that the readout signal needs only pre-amplification at the cold state, e.g. with a HEMT amplifier.
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Each channel has a trigger input on the front panel. A single sequence program can incorporate several trigger inputs and can use the state of a trigger as an input for sequence branching.
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The SHFQC+ has 1 marker per control channel (6 in total for the 6-channel configuration) and 2 trigger outputs for the readout channel, located on the front panel. Using any of the markers/trigger outputs does not reduce the 14-bit resolution of the output.
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A strong pump tone may cause the pre-amplifiers before the first mixer stage to become non-linear, leading to a potentially reduced signal-to-noise ratio or more spurs in the readout spectrum. You have two options to overcome this effect:
- Do not use the pre-amplifiers. In this case, the filter after the first mixer stage might be able to filter out the pump tone signal. Of course, you need to make sure that the signal level is still in a suitable range for the SHFQC+ to be detected.
- Add a pump-tone cancellation circuit between the SHFQC+ and the cryostat.
Software
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Yes: this instrument is operated from a computer connected via USB 3.0 or 1 GbE. The computer uploads waveform and sequence data to the SHFQC+ and downloads averaged experimental results. Once the SHFQC+ is started, it generates its signals and acquires its data autonomously and does not strictly depend on the computer anymore.
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The SHFQC+ comes with the LabOne Q software framework, LabOne GUI, and Python APIs. The examples of Python APIs included with the software are guided by the qubit readout application and enable fast integration into other measurement frameworks. The LabOne Q software framework, LabOne GUI, and Python APIs are produced by Zurich Instruments and upgraded on a regular basis, providing you with new instrument features and functionalities.
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If you rely on custom Python code, the integration is straightforward with the LabOne APIs. Additionally, LabOne helps you to find the right API command for a given instrument setting thanks to its command log feature. Additionally, the LabOne Q Software operates either as a standalone control software or can be integrated into most existing frameworks and control frameworks.
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The LabOne Q software comes with an extensive example library that covers all essential workflows for qubit characterization, bring-up, and tune-up. The example library provides resources for multiple qubit technologies and is extended with every release of LabOne Q.
Integrazione del sistema
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The SHFQC+ is intended to be interfaced with the QHub through the Zurich Instruments ZSync link that provides both system-wide clock synchronization and data distribution. Furthermore, a 32-bit DIO VHDCI interface can be used to directly connect the SHFQC+ to other instruments of the QCCS, such as the HDAWG and the QHub, for direct feedback or to third-party instruments.
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No: the SHFQC+ can be controlled with a conventional computer. However, for optimal synchronization with other instruments of the QCCS, we strongly recommend using a QHub.
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No. The SHFQC+ can be used as a standalone system and provides everything needed to control and read out multi-qubit systems, including frequency conversion up to 8.5 GHz. It can be triggered through an internal trigger source or with any conventional TTL signal generator.
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Yes. In a QCCS setup, the SHFQC+ is recommended for single-qubit control pulses and parametric two-qubit gates, whereas the HDAWG is ideal for flux-bias two-qubit gates.
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Yes: up to 56 SHFQC+ can be synchronized through a QHub. The SHFQC+ synchronized through a QHub can be programmed with the LabOne Q Software, with LabOne, or with LabOne's APIs for Python; this affords flexibility in how best to incorporate the SHFQC+ into a new or an existing setup.