Zurich Instruments Blogs

This post is about the interplay between resolution, scanning speed and demodulation bandwidth. I demonstrate how the scanning process can be described in spatial, time and frequency domain, and show that this is a valuable toolbox to analyze your measurement setup as a whole.

I always had difficulties in understanding frequency modulation (FM) and its frequency spectrum. Even for the pure tone modulation, the FM spectrum consists of an infinite number of sidebands whose signs change from one sideband to the next one and whose amplitudes are given by the horrible Bessel functions. I have a pictorial representation of AM/FM that helped me understand the sidebands.